学为贵托福培训（托福培训机构哪个好）项目部提供：斩托指南:2018年4月21日托福阅读词汇题。

　　为了更好的帮助广大托福考生早日斩托成功，小贵贵精心整理了斩托指南:2018年4月21日托福阅读词汇题的相关内容，方便广大考生备考使用。

　　从今天开始，学为贵托福项目王博老师会发布每一次托福考试词汇题的预测，如果真的中了，就请你膜拜bob老师，如果没中，那就当加强基础知识学吧！哈哈哈！现在我们就开始：

　　It was in Egypt and Mesopotamia （modern-day Iraq） that civilization arose, and it is there that we find the earliest examples of that key feature of civilization, writing. These examples, in the form of inscribed clay tablets that date to shortly before 3000 B.C.E, have been discovered among the archaeological remains of the Sumerians, a gifted people settled in southern Mesopotamia.

　　The word “key” in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　A.frequent

　　B.essential

　　C.original

　　D.familiar

　　答案为B

　　Mesopotamia’s rivers boasted no such useful reeds, but its land did provide good clay, and as a consequence the clay tablet became the standard material. Though clumsy and bulky it has a virtue dear to archaeologists, it is durable.

　　The word “virtue” in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　A.price

　　B.design

　　C.desirable quality

　　D.physical characteristic

　　答案为C（A virtue is a good quality or way of behaving.）

　　Meteorites have been radiometrically dated by means of several decay systems, including rubidium-strontium, potassium-argon, and uranium-thorium. The dates thus derived tend to cluster around 4.6 billion years, which suggests that this is the approximate age of the solar system.

　　The word ” cluster” in the passage is closet in meaning to

　　A.approach

　　B.spread

　　C.group

　　D.vary

　　答案为C（A cluster of people or things is a small group of them close together.）

　　Some information on diet can also be derived from fully fossilized teeth. Such information comes from the fine scratches on the surface of teeth caused by abrasive particles in the food, damage known as microwear.

　　The phrase "derived from" in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　A.obtained from

　　B.indicated by

　　C.sought from

　　D.connected with

　　答案为A

　　Sometimes open-air Upper Paleolithic sites show spectacular and unexpectedly complex architectural features.

　　The word "spectacular" in the passage Is closest in meaning to

　　A.very important

　　B.highly original

　　C.remarkable

　　D.attractive

　　答案为C（Something that is spectacular is very impressive or dramatic. 所以这个题目不能选A）

　　Animals with gigantic weapons on their heads usually live alone or in small groups. Animals that live in herds usually have small horns.

　　The word "gigantic" in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　A.very big

　　B.very dangerous

　　C.powerful

　　D.powerful

　　答案为A

　　Members warned each other of danger, and they fought off predators by joining forces （e.g. by forming a circle with vulnerable backsides to the center and dangerous horns facing the periphery）。

　　The word "vulnerable" in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　A.hidden

　　B.defenseless

　　C.harmless

　　D.useless

　　答案为B（Someone who is vulnerable is weak and without protection, with the result that they are easily hurt physically or emotionally.）

　　Cereals and legumes are technically dry fruits （they have a hard dry layer around their seeds）。 Early agriculturalists also experimented with growing succulent fruits like apples, olives, grapes, and melons.

　　The word "technically" in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　A.more complex than

　　B.generally understood to be

　　C.often confused with

　　D.scientifically classified as

　　答案为D（If something is technically the case, it is the case according to a strict interpretation of facts, laws, or rules）

　　Most of these were brought into domestication much later than cereals and legumes, and in most cultures they've always been supplementary foods rather than staples.

　　The word "supplementary" in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　A.valued

　　B.rare

　　C.seasonal

　　D.extra

　　答案为D

　　There may, however, be another reason why male mammals disperse greater distances than females. The usual rule is that males, not females, fight with one another for access to mates, and, therefore, males that lose such conflicts may find it advantageous to move away from same-sex rivals that they cannot subdue.

　　The word ”subdue” in the passage is closet in meaning to

　　A.remove

　　B.fight

　　C.defeat

　　D.accept

　　答案为C（If soldiers or the police subdue a group of people, they defeat them or bring them under control by using force.）

　　At least 200,000 wooden beams averaging 5 meters long and 20 centimeters in diameter were brought to the canyon from distances between 40 and 100 kilometers away to build a dozen great houses, signifying a huge labor investment and a complex production process. The bulk of construction took place in the eleventh century, but by A.D. 1140 it had ceased abruptly, after which there was a rapid decline in use of the great houses and apparent abandonment of the canyon in the thirteenth century.

　　The word “signifying“ in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　A. creating

　　B. indicating

　　C. initiating

　　D. requiring

　　答案为B.

　　Most of these indicators occur only at Pueblo bonito, but archaeologists generally assume that all the great houses had a similar ritual function.

　　The word “function“ in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　A.center

　　B.practice

　　C.design

　　D.purpose

　　答案为D（The function of something or someone is the useful thing that they do or are intended to do.）

　　Salinization is caused by an accumulation of salt in the soil near its surface. This salt is carried by river water from the sedimentary rocks in the mountains and deposited on the Mesopotamian fields during natural flooding or purposeful irrigation.

　　The word “accumulation” in the passage is closet in meaning to

　　A.distribution

　　B.mixture

　　C.buildup

　　D.exchange

　　答案为C

　　Temperature can stimulate or inhibit biogeochemical reactions in soil material.

　　The word "inhibit" in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　A.initiate

　　B.remove

　　C.slow down

　　D.damage

　　答案为C

　　Parent materials heavy in texture require a much longer time to develop into soils because of an impeded downward flow of water. Soils develop more slowly in dry regions than in humid ones.

　　The word "impeded" in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　A.excessive

　　B.restricted

　　C.diverted

　　D.uneven

　　答案为B（If you impede someone or something, you make their movement, development, or progress difficult.）

　　Thus access to cheap and plentiful primary materials was a constant preoccupation for independent producers.

　　The word “preoccupation” in the passage is closet in meaning to

　　A.necessity

　　B.concern

　　C.struggle

　　D.uncertainty

　　答案为B

　　England's exceptional economic development also drew the country's natural resources, including iron, timber, and coal, extracted in far greater quantity than elsewhere in the continent.

　　The word "exceptional " in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　A.predictable

　　B.initial

　　C.extraordinary

　　D.complex

　　答案为C

　　Geologists working during the nineteenth century understood rock bodies, they would have to concentrate on natural processes that continue at a constant rate and that also leave some sort of tangible record in the rocks. Evolution is one such process, and geologist Charles Lyell （1797-1875） recognized this.

　　The word “tangible” in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　A. physical

　　B. related

　　C. significant

　　D. helpful

　　答案为A

　　Also, some very ancient sediments were no longer recognizable, having been converted to igneous and metamorphic rocks in the course of mountain building.

　　The world “converted” in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　A. added

　　B. changed

　　C. restored

　　D. reduced

　　答案为B

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