2018年11月4日托福阅读词汇题考前点拨

发布时间:2018/11/02 作者:小贵贵

  学为贵托福培训(托福培训机构哪个好)项目部提供:2018年11月4日托福阅读词汇题考前点拨。


  本篇文章原标题《11.4日托福阅读词汇题考前点拨》,由学为贵王博老师整理并发布,供广大贵粉儿备考使用:


  第一部分

  collate=assemble(When you collate pieces of information, you gather them all together and examine them.)

  compelling=persuasive(A compelling argument or reason is one that convinces you that something is true or that something should be done.)

  scant=little(If you describe an amount as scant, you are emphasizing that it is small.)

  assortment: An assortment is a group of similar things that are of different sizes or colours or have different qualities.

  actue=intense

  adept=skilled

  bustling=busy or lively

  compound=add to

  inevitable=unavoidable

  intimately=closely

  explicit=specific

  dismiss=reject

  mundane(Something that is mundane is very ordinary and not at all interesting or unusual.)=common 

  induce=encourage

  eliminate=destory

  mount=grow

  第二部分

  This diminution, carefully documented from air bubbles trapped in Antarctic ice, inhibited their photosynthesis and markedly reduced their yields. 

  The word “inhibited” in the passage is closet in meaning to

  A.altered

  B.required

  C.restricted

  D.Allowed

  Parasites and diseases diminish the strength and limit the growth of animals, and among highly social creatures, epidemics can devastate whole populations. Distemper (a viral disease) has been known to wipe out entire colonies of seals, for instance. So the penalty of social life is potentially huge.

  The word devastate in the passage is closest in meaning to

  A. alter

  B. spread to

  C. destroy

  D. involve

  In other species, individuals forage or hunt simultaneously and share the food.

  The word simultaneously in the passage is closest in meaning to

  A. at the same time

  B. in the same way

  C. for the same reason

  D. on the same scale

  Information transfer can be unintentional though some species make use of special assembly calls or behavior.

  The word unintentional in the passage is closest in meaning to

  A. unsuccessful

  B. unplanned

  C. inaccurate

  D. impractical

  In fact, a group enters into a kind of time-sharing arrangement in which individual antelope alternate biting off a mouthful of grass with a period of erect and watchful chewing.

  The word alternate in the passage is closest in meaning to

  A. make a habit of

  B. have conflicts over

  C. show a preference for

  D. take turns at

  The preferred architectural style for these new designs was the Beaux Arts style. In this school, architects were trained to draw on Classical, Renaissance, and Baroque styles, synthesizing them in designs for new buildings for the Industrial Age.

  The word synthesizing in the passage is closest in meaning to

  A. combining

  B. simplifying

  C. using

  D. copying

  Classifying animals into phyla is an ongoing project for biologists, but modern animals appear to comprise about 30 different phyla, each representing a different body plan.

  The word ongoing in the passage is closest in meaning to

  A. uncertain

  B. full-time

  C.important

  D. continuing

  When an object enters into this electric field, it causes distortions in the current that are detected by electroreceptor organs distributed over the fish's skin.

  The word distortions in the passage is closest in meaning to

  A. decreases

  B. signals

  C.concentrations

  D. irregularities

  Moreover, some fish can temporarily interrupt their normally continuous train of discharges, and these pauses can be full of meaning. The effective range of communication by electric signals can reach a little over 1 meter depending on water resistance. 

  The word temporarily in the passage is closest in meaning to

  A.deliberately

  B. suddenly

  C.partially

  D.briefly

  Knifefish also display a (peculiar) behavior called the jamming avoidance response.  This response allows knifefish to prevent interference with their electric system when they meet other knifefish.

  The word peculiar in the passage is closest in meaning to

  A. clever

  B. frequent

  C.unusual

  D. helpful

  In the absence of the parasite wasp on the Balearic Islands off the coast of Spain, the butterfly has now spread to mainland Spain where its rapid spread has been accentuated by trade in garden plants and modem transport. The species has become a major pest due to the lack of a natural predator and is now causing great problems for the horticultural industry in Spain.

  The word "accentuated" in the passage is closest in meaning to

  A.controlled

  B.intensified(To accentuate something means to emphasize it or make it more   noticeable.)

  C.explained

  D.restricted

  The reason that dolphins have a large brain continues to be somewhat elusive but there must be a reason, since maintenance of brain tissue is metabolically expensive. The adult human brain, for example, may only represent 2 percent of the body weight, but it can account for nearly 20 percent of the metabolic rate (the energy used)

  The word “elusive” in the passage is closest in meaning to

  A. hard to prove

  B. hard to identify(Something or someone that is elusive is difficult to find, describe, remember, or achieve.)

  C. misunderstood

  D. Controversial

  The phrase “maintenance of” in the passage is closest in meaning to

  A. developing

  B. supporting

  C. connecting

  D. Stimulating

  In Greek and Roman civilization, parks were associated with spirituality, public recreation, and city living. Greek philosophers pondered the meaning of nature and its innermost workings, the relationships between animals and humankind, and how matter related to spirit. The philosophy of Aristotle (384—332 B.C.) advanced the fundamental notion of nature as the embodiment of everything outside culture, an essence opposed to art and artificiality.

  The word “pondered” in the passage is the closest in meaning to

  A.explained

  B.argued over

  C.thought about(If you ponder something, you think about it carefully.)

  D.Understood

  The spiritual significance of the sacred grove mandated specific preservationist measures. Civil restrictions and environmental codes of practice governed the use of such spaces. 

  The word “mandated” in the passage is closest in meaning to

  A.contributed to

  B.produced

  C.limited

  D.Required

  Meanwhile, the fundamental purpose of the grove –the visitation of resident gods –sometimes promoted activities not entirely conducive to modern concepts of conservation. Animals were routinely captured to serve as sacrifices to the gods. Many groves witnessed horticultural and architectural improvements. 

  The word “promoted” in the passage is closest in meaning to

  A.repeated

  B.altered

  C.encouraged

  D.Performed

  For example, a freshly plowed field may heat up faster than an adjacent meadow. The warm ground heats the air above it, and the air starts to rise. As the warm air rises, it is replaced by cool air from the surrounding terrain, and this new air is heated until it rises. Thermals may be continuous chimneys of rising air, or a series of discrete, doughnut-shaped bubbles (ring thermals) formed at intervals by the warmed ground.

  The word adjacent in the passage is closest in meaning to

  A. open

  B. nearby

  C.densely covered

  D. sunny

  The phrase at intervals in the passage is closest in meaning to

  A. at low elevations

  B. in areas without vegetation

  C.periodically

  D. unevenly

  The word discrete in the passage is closest in meaning to

  A. separate

  B. rising

  C.rotating

  D. flexible

   In contrast, observers of animal flight find only small, localized thermal chimneys, which usually take the form of dust devils, which are small columnar thermals with intense rotation. Colin Pennycuick, a prolific researcher on bird flight, discounts thermal chimneys and recognizes only ring thermals as sources of large-scale, long-lasting updrafts.

  The word prolific in the passage is closest in meaning to

  A. skillful

  B. experienced

  C.highly productive

  D. highly respected

  When a chunk of fine-grain stone is struck with sufficient force at the proper angle with another rock or with a wood or bone baton, a shock wave will pass through the stone and detach a flake of the desired size and shape. In analyzing ancient stone tools, many archaeologists have mastered the skills needed to make stone tools themselves. 

  The word “detach” in the passage is closest in meaning to

  A.separate(If you detach one thing from another that it is fixed to, you remove it. If one thing detaches from another, it becomes separated from it.)

  B.sharpen

  C.loosen

  D.produce

  Sometimes electron-scanning microscopes are used to study minute variations in these use marks. Some rough correspondence can be found between the types of uses and the characteristics of wear marks, but there are many ambiguities.

  The word “minute” in the passage is closest in meaning to

  A.unusual

  B.important

  C.hidden

  D.Tiny

  In the case of the Maya and every other early civilization, rulers used particular symbols and styles as mechanisms through which they portrayed, communicated, and implemented their power. In all societies, styles fix social meaning and are powerful ways in which social groups define and construct their culture. 

  The word “portrayed”, in the passage is closest in meaning to

  A.claimed

  B.represented(If a film, book, or television programme portrays someone in a certain way, it represents them in that way.)

  C.defended

  D.established

  The emergence of plant and animal domestication represented a monumental change in the ways that humans interacted with Earth’s resources: the rate at which Earth’s surface was modified and the rates of human population growth. 

  The word “monumental” in the passage is closet in meaning to

  A.innovative

  B.surprising

  C.complex

  D.Enormous

  Geologists working during the nineteenth century understood rock bodies, they would have to concentrate on natural processes that continue at a constant rate and that also leave some sort of tangible record in the rocks.

  The word “tangible” in the passage is closest in meaning to

  A. physical

  B. related

  C. significant

  D. helpful

  Also, some very ancient sediments were no longer recognizable, having been converted to igneous and metamorphic rocks in the course of mountain building. Estimates of Earth’s total age based on sedimentation rates ranged from as little as million to over a billion year.

  The world “converted” in the passage is closest in meaning to

  A. added

  B. changed

  C. restored

  D. reduced

  How and why bioluminescence occurs is not fully understood; however, in the undersea realm, it appears to be used in a variety of interesting and ingenious ways.

  The word “ingenious” in the passage is closet in meaning to

  A. inventive

  B. important

  C. unusual

  D. specialized

  When two explorers came upon the Mayan cities in the 1830s, they were struck by the sight of tall pyramids and elaborately carved stones among luxuriant forest growth.

  The word “elaborately” in the passage is closet in meaning to

  A. with great detail

  B. artistically

  C. mysteriously

  D. gently hand-made

(本文由学为贵王博老师提供)


  王博老师简介:学为贵阅读、听力名师;丰富的托福考场实践经验,托福听力多次取得近满分的成绩。对于托福的听力有着深刻与独到的见解,主张“考点-核心信息-逻辑”三维一体的方式去破解托福听力。在GMAT阅读上,主张“目录阅读”法,该方法已经帮助诸多学员,在阅读部分取得较高成绩。



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